Every certified carabiner carries three strength values, usually laser-stamped on the spine. Understanding them is essential when you specify connectors for rope access, rescue or adventure parks.
1. Major-axis strength (gate closed)
This is the breaking strength when the carabiner is loaded along its spine with the gate closed – the way it is designed to be used. Example: the Camnal CAQHK02 D-shape carabiner is rated at 35 kN, and the CAQHK01 oval carabiner at 26 kN.
2. Minor-axis strength (cross-loading)
When a carabiner is loaded across the gate, strength drops sharply: 9 kN for the CAQHK02 and 8 kN for the CAQHK01. Cross-loading is a common real-world error, which is why connector shape and correct orientation matter.
3. Gate-open strength
If the gate is open, the carabiner is no longer a closed loop and strength falls again: 8 kN (CAQHK02) and 7 kN (CAQHK01). Locking gates exist to prevent this situation.
D-shape or oval?
- D-shape moves the load towards the spine, giving higher major-axis strength – well suited to descenders and positioning lanyards.
- Oval keeps pulleys and devices centred – useful in rigging and haul systems.
Standards to look for
EN 362 covers connectors used in personal protective equipment against falls from height; EN 12275 covers mountaineering connectors; UIAA certification applies to climbing equipment. Camnal’s CAQHK01 and CAQHK02 list XF494-2023, CE 1019 EN 362, EN 12275:2013 and UIAA.
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